![]() Simons was asked by IBM in 1973 to attack the block cipher Lucifer, an early but direct precursor to the Data Encryption Standard (DES). From 1968 to 1978, he was appointed chairman of the math department at Stony Brook University. After being forced to leave the IDA due to his public opposition to the Vietnam War, he joined the faculty at Stony Brook University. Between 19, he was on the research staff of the Communications Research Division of the Institute for Defense Analysis (CRD of IDA) and taught mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University. In 1964, Simons worked with the National Security Agency to break codes. These and other contributions to geometry and topology led to Simons becoming the 1976 recipient of the AMS Oswald Veblen Prize in Geometry. It is also related to the Yang-Mills functional on 4-manifolds, and has had an effect on modern physics. Later, mathematical physicist Albert Schwarz discovered early topological quantum field theory, which is an application of the Chern–Simons form. ![]() He subsequently began to work with Shing-Shen Chern on the theory of characteristic classes, eventually discovering the Chern–Simons secondary characteristic classes of 3-manifolds. His 1962 Berkeley PhD thesis, written under the direction of Bertram Kostant, gave a new proof of Berger's classification of the holonomy groups of Riemannian manifolds. Simons' mathematical work has primarily focused on the geometry and topology of manifolds. ![]() After graduating from MIT, Simons traveled from Boston to Bogotá, Colombia on a motor scooter. He received a bachelor's degree in mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1958 and a PhD in mathematics from the University of California, Berkeley under the supervision of Bertram Kostant in 1961 at the age of 23. James Harris Simons was born on Ap to an American Jewish family, the only child of Marcia (née Kantor) and Matthew Simons, and raised in Brookline, Massachusetts. In 2016, asteroid 6618 Jimsimons, discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in 1936, was named after Simons by the International Astronomical Union in honor of his contributions to mathematics and philanthropy. He is one of the biggest donors to the University of California, Berkeley, establishing the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing in 2012, and to Berkeley's Simons Laufer Mathematical Sciences Institute, where he has served as a trustee since 1999. In 1994, Simons founded the Simons Foundation with his wife to support researches in mathematics and fundamental sciences. He developed the Chern–Simons form (with Shiing-Shen Chern), and contributed to the development of string theory by providing a theoretical framework to combine geometry and topology with quantum field theory. ![]() Simons is known for his studies on pattern recognition. Īs reported by Bloomberg Billionaires Index, Simons's net worth is estimated to be $25.2 billion, making him the 66th-richest person in the world. Due to the long-term aggregate investment returns of Renaissance and its Medallion Fund, Simons is described as the "greatest investor on Wall Street", and more specifically "the most successful hedge fund manager of all time". He and his fund are known to be quantitative investors, using mathematical models and algorithms to make investment gains from market inefficiencies. He is the founder of Renaissance Technologies, a quantitative hedge fund based in East Setauket, New York. James Harris Simons (born 25 April 1938) is an American mathematician, billionaire hedge fund manager, and philanthropist. ![]() On the Transitivity of Holonomy Systems (1962) ![]()
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